NAPLEX Calculations

0.05 (1000 mL) = 50 g
1000 mL x (1 hour/125 mL) = 8 hours
50x 3 = 150 g

0.2 mg/hour basal rate = 0.2mg/hour (24 hours) = 4.8 mg
Demand dose of 0.1 mg x 5 = 0.5 mg
4.8 mg + 0.5 mg = 5.3 mg

Since the bioavailability of levothyroxine is roughly 50% (given in the question).To convert the home dose to intravenous, it would be 50% of the oral dose. So 50% of oral 75 mcg would be 37.5 mcg intravenously.

ABW = 85 kg
IBW = 50 kg + 2.3 kg (4) = 59.2 kg
85/59.2 = 1.44
AdjBW = 59.2 kg + 0.4(85 kg-59.2 kg) = 69.52 kg
CrCl (IBW) = [(140-84) 59.2]/(72 x 1.4) = 32.8
CrCl (AdjBW) = [(140-84) 69.52]/(72 x 1.4) = 38.6
Reference:
Jelliffe RW. Creatinine clearance: Bedside estimate. Ann Inter Med. 1973; 79:604

180lb/2.2 = 81.8kg
Pt dose: 10mcgx 81.8kg = 818mcg/min
Rate of infusion: 100mL/1000mg x 1mg/1000mcg x 818mcg/min x 60min/1hr
= 4.9mL/hr

1mEq NaCl= 58.5 ; Valence = 1.
mg = mEq x molecular weight / valence.
mg = 51.3mEq x 58.5mg / 1 = 3001.05mg = 3g.
23.4 g/100ml = 3g/Xml
X = 12.825mL

Lidocaine: 30g x 0.05 = 1.5g.
Hydrocortisone: 90g x 0.005 = 0.45g.
90g+30g = 120g.

1.5g/120g = 0.0125 x100 = 1.25% Lidocaine.
0.45g/120g = 0.00375 x 100 = 0.375% Hydrocortisone.

125 lb =56Kg, 56Kg x [18 units/ 1 kg] = 1022.72 units/hr,
1022.72 units x [1 mL/50 units] = 20.45 mL/hr

80kg person = 15mg/kg/day = 1200mg/day
80mg /5ml = 1200mg/X
X= 75mL/day / 4 doses = 18.75 mL per dose

SG= weight/mL, 1.27 = X/1000ml
X = 1270gm

50gm/100ml X 1equiv/120.4gm X 1000meq/ 1equiv = 4.16meq/ml

40mEq X 1 equiv/1000mEq X 74.5g/1 equiv = 2.98 gm of KCl in 100ml.
Calculate: mOsm/L.
2.98g/100ml X 1 mol/74.5g x 2Osm/1 mol X 1000mOsm/1 Osm X 1000ml/1L = 800mOsm/L

[1 mg/ 1 min] x60min= 60mg/hr. 60 mg/hr x [1 mL/ 1.8 mg] = 33.33 mL/hr
0.5 mg/min x [60 min/ 1 hr] = 30 mg/hr
30 mg/hr x [1 mL/1.8 mg] = 16.67 mL/hr
Infusion rates: 33.33 mL/hr for 6 hours, then 16.67 mL/hr

0.9%= 0.9g/100mL, 120mL/h x 24hrs = 2880mL
0.9g/100ml= X/2880ml
X=25.92g of NaCl

68 kg x [5 mcg/kg/min] = 340 mcg/min
Bag concentration = 2 mg/ml or 2000 mcg/ml
340 mcg x [1 mL/2000 mcg] = 0.17 mL/min
60 in x [0.17 mL/min] = 10.2 mLs in one hour

Pt’s weight in Kg 76.4.
76.4 x [5 mcg/kg/min] = 381.18 mcg/min
Concentration of the bag [400 mg/250 mL] = 1.6 mg/ml or 1600mcg
381.18 mcg x [1 mL/1600 mcg] = 0.2382 mL/ml
60 in x [0.0.2382 mL/min] = 14.29 mL in one hour

15% dextrose = 15gm/100ml = 300gm/2000ml. Patient needs 300gm.
300gm/Xml = 20gm/100ml = 1500ml

25g/100ml = 300g/Xml
Xml = 1200mL

The concentration is the first thing to calculate, using 1 mL of octreotide solution containing a concentration of 0.5mg/mL is really using 0.5mg of octreotide. If this is placed in 50 mL NS then it is 0.5mg/50mL which is 0.01mg/mL or 10 mcg/mL. If the patient needs 50 mcg of octreotide per hour then the patient will need 5, 10 mcg/mL doses or 5 mLs. So the rate for this patient would be 5 mL/hr.

68kg x 0.9mg/kg = 61.2mg dose x 1mg/mL = 61.2mL 61.2mg x 0.1 = 6mL IV bolus 61.2mg x 0.9 = 55mL IV over 60 minutes

50 mcg/kg/min x 80 kg = 4 mg/min x 60 min/hr = 240 mg/hr 2500 mg / 250 mL = 10 mg/mL 240 mg/hr / 10 mg/mL = 24 mL/hr Esmolol Infusion

22 x 2 + 7 = 51 units of total insulin per day Decrease by 10% 51 units x 0.9 = 45.9 units per day round up to 46 units 46 units x 0.50 = 23 units, administer 23 units of insulin glargine once daily 46 units x 0.50 = 23 units total Insulin Lispro. Round down, divided by three times a day, 7 units 3 times a day with meals

Calcium makes up 40% of the MW of CaCO3. MW Ca / MW CaCO3 40.078 / 100.087 x 100% = 40% 40% of 1 g CaCO3 = 0.4 g Patient is taking 0.4 g of Ca 3 times daily 0.4 g Ca x 3 = 1.2 g of Elemental Ca

KCl: Osmoles = number of particles in solution Convert 40meq to weight in g: 40meq x 1equiv/1000 mEq x 74.5g/1 equiv = 2.98g of KCL Calculate mOsm/L : 2.98g/L x 1mol/74.5g x 2Osm/1 mol x 1000mOsm/1 Osm = 80mOsm/L
NaCl: 0.9g/100ml x 1mol/58.5 g x 2 Osm/1mol x 1000 mOsm/ 1Osm x 1000ml/1L = 308 mOsm/L 80 mOsm/L + 308 mOsm/L = 388 mOsm/L

If 40mg of amoxicillin are needed per kg of body weight then the dose of amoxicillin is 40mg multiplied by the patient’s body weight. This patient weighs 18 lbs, based on the conversion of 2.2 lbs = 1 kg, the patient weighs 8.2 kg. 40 mg multiplied by 8.2 kg is equal to 328 mg, this is one dose of amoxicillin. If the amoxicillin comes in 250 mg/5 mL, then it needs to be determined how many mLs it will take to get 328 mg of amoxicillin. In order to do this 328 mg needs to be divided by 250 mg to get a ratio. This comes out to be 1.312. This ratio can be multiplied by the number of mLs it takes to make up 250 mg, which is 5 mLs. 1.312 multiplied by 5 mLs is 6.56 mL, this is how many mLs it will take to have 328 mg. This volume is for 1 single dose of amoxicillin. The patient is receiving 2 doses per day and for a total of 10 days, this means the patient will be receiving 20 doses. 20 doses multiplied by 6.56 mL doses equals the total volume the patient will be receiving, which is 131.2 mL.

To determine the dose conversion IV to PO, the ratio of PO to IV needs to be determined, this is 7.5 / 1.5 which is 5. This number means that the PO dose is 5 times more than the IV dose to get the same amount of drug into the bloodstream. If the patient is taking 0.5 mg IV then the PO dose would be 0.5 mg multiplied by 5, which is 2.5 mg. Since the patient is taking the medication every 4 hours the patient is receiving 6 doses, 24hrs/4hrs = 6. Since the patient is receiving 2.5 mg every dose and is receiving 6 doses a day, the patient is receiving 15 mg, 2.5 mg multiplied by 6 doses.

Rate of infusion: 100mL/40U x 0.03U/min x 60min/1 hr = 4.5mL/hr

1st hour
13mL/hr x 1 hr= 13mL
50U/mL=XU/13mL 650U Heparin given in hours
since the half life of protamine is 60min
2nd hour 650/2 =325 units
650 units + 325 units =975 units needs to be reveresed
**1mg of protamine reverses 100U of Heparin
(1mg protamine/100U Heparin) = (Xmg protamine/975U Heparin given)
= x = 9.7mg protamine

Osmolarity = mOsmol/L = (wt of substance (g/mL))/(MW(g/mol)) x (# of particles) x 1000
Weight of substance: 3% = (3g/100mL) = (xg/1000mL) = x = 30g/L
# of particles NaCL Na+ + Cl- (2 particles) mOsmol/L = (30g/L)/(58.5g/mol) x 2 x 1000 = 1,025.6
1026 mOsmol/L

*Patient dose: 0.75mcg x 115kg = 86.25mcg/min
(100mL/20mg) x (86.25mcg/1hr) x (60min/1hr) x (1mg/1000mcg)
= 25.875mL/hr Rate of infusion of Milrinone

U-500 has 500 units per mL.
If a patient needs 50 units per dose then 500 units/1 mL = 50 units/x
X=0.1 mL

(100 mg)/(4 mL)=X/(5 mL)
X= 125 mg, Prescribed dose is 125 mg TID equivalent to 375 mg/day. The patient has been taking 100 mg TID equivalent to 300 mg/day. 375-300
= 75 mg/day difference

(250 mg Ca)/(1000 mg Ca acetate)=X/(667 mg Ca acetate)
X= 166.75 mg of Ca per capsule
The patient takes nine capsules per day (3 capsules per meal three times per day)
Total daily calcium supplementation=166.75*9
answer-1,500 mg

2 Liters=2,000 mL. Percent is based on g per 100 mL so lets work to get to those base units.
(2000 mL)/(100 mL)=20
(10 mg)/20=0.5 mg
There are 0.5 mg of zinc in 100 mL of the TPN bag.
0.5 mg×(1 gram)/(1000 mg)=0.0005 grams
There are 0.0005 grams per 100 mL. Percent is defined as grams per 100 mL.

0.125 mg of estradiol*30 days
2 mg of estriol*30 days
Estradiol= 37.5 mg, estriol= 60 mg

There are 10 mg of dextromethorphan per 5 mL and the patient took 5 mL three times per day.
5*3=15 mL per day
(10 mg)/(5 mL)=X/(15 mL)
X= 30 mg of dextromethorphan per day
30*7 days= the total mg of dextromethorphan consumed
total=210 mg

Divide the medication into its components
(120 mg APAP)/(5 mL)=(300 mg APAP)/(X mL)
(12 mg codeine)/(5 mL)=(30 mg codeine)/(Y mL)
X= 12.5 mL, Y= 12.5 mL
The desired dose can be obtained with 12.5 mL of the elixir available. The patient is to take 12.5 mL four times per day (12.5 mL*4) requiring 50 mL per day.
To calculate the total volume required to be dispensed multiple the daily volume requirement by the duration of therapy. 50 mL/day*10 days

(400mg lidocaine)/(100 mL)=(0.75 mg lidocaine)/(X mL)
X=0.1875 mL
The order is to infuse 0.1875 mL of lidocaine per minute. To calculate the 24 hour volume requirements convert mL/min to mL/day
(0.1875 mL)/min×(60 min)/hour×(24 hours)/day
Answer-270 mL

C0 = Dose/Vd
C0 = 1500mg/67.5L = 22.2 mg/L

400 mg IV Q8H = 1200 mg daily
Difference between IV and PO bioavailability = 100% - 70% = 30 % --> 0.03 (we will need 30% more of PO drug to receive the same daily dose of Ciprofloxacin)
1200mg x 0.30 = 360mg
360mg + 1200mg = 1560 mg or 500 mg TID

F = (AUC PO)/(AUC IV) x (Dose IV)/(Dose PO)
F = 1/1 x 25/100 = 0.25 X 100% = 25%

It takes 5 half lives for a drug to be theoretically completely eliminated (98% eliminated)
5 X 10 hours = 50 hours.

F = (AUC PO)/(AUC IV) x (Dose IV)/(Dose PO)
F = 1/1 x 50/100 = 0.5 X 100% = 50%

Ke= [(ln C1-lnC2)/(t2-t1)]
Ke= [ln(6.5 mg/L)-ln1.2 mg/L)]/((14-9) ) = 0.34 h-1
T1/2= 0.693/0.34 = 2.1 h

Osmolarity = mOsmol/L = (wt of substance (g/mL))/(MW(g/mol)) x (# of particles) x 1000
Weight of substance: 3% = (3g/100mL) = (xg/1000mL) = x = 30g/L
# of particles NaCL  Na+ + Cl- (2 particles)
mOsmol/L = (30g/L)/(58.5g/mol) x 2 x 1000 = 1,025.6
Rounded answer-1026 mOsmol/L

Osmolarity = mOsmol/L = (wt of substance (g/mL))/(MW(g/mol)) x (# of particles) x 1000
Weight of substance: 0.225% = (0.225g/100mL) = (xg/1000mL) = x = 2.25g/L
NaCL  Na+ + Cl- (2 particles)
mOsmol/L = (2.25g/L)/(58.5g/mol) x 2 x 1000 = 76.9 mOsmol/L

mEq/mL = mg/mL x valence/ MW (Valence of NaCl is 1)
23.4% NaCl = (23.4g/100mL) x (1000mg/1g)= 234mg/mL
(234mg/mL x 1)/(58.5) = 4mEq/mL NaCl

*Patient dose: 0.75mcg/kg/min x 115kg = 86.25mcg/min
(100mL/20mg) x (86.25mcg/1hr) x (60min/1hr) x (1mg/1000mcg)
= 25.875mL/hr Rate of infusion of Milrinone

180lb/2.2 = 81.8kg
Pt dose: 10mcgx 81.8kg = 818mcg/min
Rate of infusion: 100mL/1000mg x 1mg/1000mcg x 818mcg/min x 60min/1hr
=4.9mL/hr

MW of NaCl = 58.5
100mOsmol/L =(x/58.5)x 2 x 1000  x = 2.93 g/L
(23.4g/100mL)x (2.93g/YmL)
Y = 12.3mL of 23.4% NaCl added to 1Lbag of sterile water

Answer A.
4mL X 50mcg/ml = 200mcg of fentanyl
4mLs of fentanyl added to 96 mL of NS is a total of 100mL of solution
200mcg/100mls = 2mcg/mL of fentanyl

Answer C.
0.2% of bupivicaine final conc.
0.2gm/100 ml = Xgm/250ml
X= 0.5gm total bupivacaine needed.
0.75gm/100ml = 0.5gm/Xml
X= 66.7 mL

Answer E.
2mcg/ml * 250mL = 500mcg of fentanyl needed
500mcg / X ml = 50 mcg/ml
Xml = 10ml of fentanyl
0.2% of bupivacaine needed
0.2gm/100ml = Xgm/250ml
X= 0.5gm of total bupivacaine needed
Comes in 0.5%
0.5gm /100 mls = 0.5gm / Xml
Xml = 100mls of Bupivacaine

Answer D.
Lidocaine viscous 2%
0.02 X 10mL = 200mg of lidocaine
200mg/50ml = 4mg/ml

Answer B.
16.2mg /50ml= 324mcg /ml
In 24 hours the patient will receive 30mL of the solution
324mcg/mL x 30mL = 9.72mg of phenobarbital

Answer D.
6.25mL X 40mg/ml = 250mg Gentamycin
250mg/250ml = 1mg/mL Gentamycin concentration
1.67mL X 150mg/ml = 250.5mg Clindamycin
250.5mg/250ml = 1mg/mL Clindamycin concentration
1,250,000U/250ml = 5000U/mL Polymyxin concentration

Answer C.
8.4%= 84mg/ml
84mg/ml X 1mmol/84mg = 1mmol/1ml
1 mmol = 1 mEq /1 valence
1mmol/1ml =1 mEq /ml =50mEq/50ml

Answer E.
Osomalarity of 850ml NS:
0.9% NaCl 1L = 9gm NaCl/L
7.65g NaCl in 850ml
Calculate mOsm/L of 7.65gm
7.65g/1L x 1mol/58.5g x 2 Osm/1 mol x 1000ml/1L = 261.53 mOsm/L
Osmolarity of 150mEq/150ml of NaHCO3:
Convert mEq to weight (g)
150 mEq x 1 equiv/ 1000 mEq x 84g/1 equiv = 12.6 g
Calculate mOsm/L 12.6g/L x 1mol/84g x 2 Osm/1 mol x 1000 mOsm/ 1 Osm = 296 mOsm/L
261 mOsm/L + 296 mOsm/L = 557 mOsm/L

Answer E.
Osomalarity of 850ml NS:
0.9% NaCl 1L = 9gm NaCl/L
7.65g NaCl in 850ml
Calculate mOsm/L of 7.65gm
7.65g/1L x 1mol/58.5g x 2 Osm/1 mol x 1000ml/1L = 261.53 mOsm/L
Osmolarity of 150mEq/150ml of NaHCO3:
Convert mEq to weight (g)
150 mEq x 1 equiv/ 1000 mEq x 84g/1 equiv = 12.6 g
Calculate mOsm/L 12.6g/L x 1mol/84g x 2 Osm/1 mol x 1000 mOsm/ 1 Osm = 296 mOsm/L
261 mOsm/L + 296 mOsm/L = 557 mOsm/L

Answer C.
NS= 0.9g of NaCl /100 ml
1/4NS = 0.225g/100 ml or 2.25g/1L
Convert 2.25g/L of NaCl to mOsm/L:
2.25g/L x 1 mol/58.5 g x 2 Osm/1 mol x 1000mOs/1 mol = 77 mOsm/L

Answer D.
NS= 0.9g of NaCl /100 ml
1/3NS = 0.3g/100 ml or 3g/1L
Convert 3g/L of NaCl to mOsm/L:
3g/L x 1 mol/58.5 g x 2 Osm/1 mol x 1000mOs/1 Osm= 102 mOsm/L

Answer B.
8330mls= 8.3L removed
Albumin 6 gm for every Liter
8.3L x 6gm/L = 49.8g total needed round up to 50gm.
25% of 50ml vials = 12.5gm in each vial
50gm / 12.5gm = 4 vials

Answer B. To determine the dose conversion IV to PO, the ratio of PO to IV needs to be determined, this is 3 / 1 which is 3. This number means that the PO dose is 3 times more than the IV dose to get the same amount of drug into the bloodstream. If the patient is taking 2 mg IV then the PO dose would be 2 mg multiplied by 3, which is 6 mg. Since the patient is taking the medication every 6 hours the patient is receiving 4 doses, 24hrs/6hrs = 4. Since the patient is receiving 6 mg every dose and is receiving 4 doses a day, the patient is receiving 24 mg, 6 mg multiplied by 4 doses. To convert to Oxycodone it is similar, find out the ratio and multiply by the dose, in this case the ratio of Oxycodone to Morphine is 2:3, so 2/3 multiplied by 24 mg is equal to 16 mg.

Answer D.
Osmoles = number of particles in solution
Convert 40meq to weight in g:
40meq x 1equiv/1000 mEq x 74.5g/1 equiv = 2.98g of KCL
Calculate mOsm/L 2.98g/100ml x 1mol/74.5g x 2Osm/1 mol x 1000mOsm/1 Osm x 1000ml/1L= 800mOsm/L

Answer C. Using pantoprazole 40mg/100ml bag infusing at 8mg/hr or 10ml/hr. 1 bag will last 5hr. You would send 5 bags to last 25hrs.

Answer A.
70% of 70 units = 49 units of Insulin Glargine daily
30% of 70 units = 21 units of Insulin Lispro daily. Dived in 3 doses would be 7 units three times a day.
FT’s Insulin regimen should be 49 units of Insulin Glargine subcutaneous daily and 7 units of Insulin Lispro subcutaneous three times a day with meals

Answer D.
78kg x 35mcg/kg/min = 2730mcg/min x 60min/hr = 163.8mg/hr x 24hr = 3931.2mg
3931.2mg / 10mg/mL = 393mL x 1.1kcal/ml = 432kcal in 24hrs

Answer E.
5% Amino Acid provides 50g AA in 1L, since 1g of AA provides 4 kcal 5% in 1 L will provide 200kcal
15% Dextrose in 1000mL will provide 510 kcal. Since 1gm dextrose provides 3.4 kcal. 150 g x 3.4 kcal.
So total calories provided by 5/15 PN is 510+200=710kcal/L or 0.71 kcal/ml
1700 kcal x 1ml/0.71kcal = 2394 ml 2394mL / 24hr = 99.74mL/hr

Answer C.
22 x 2 + 7 = 51 units of total insulin per day
Decrease by 10%
51 units x 0.9 = 45.9 units per day round up to 46 units
46 units x 0.50 = 23 units, administer 23 units of insulin glargine once daily
46 units x 0.50 = 23 units total Insulin Lispro. Round down, divided by three times a day, 7 units 3 times a day with meals

Answer D.
50 mcg/kg/min x 80 kg = 4 mg/min x 60 min/hr = 240 mg/hr
2500 mg / 250 mL = 10 mg/mL
240 mg/hr / 10 mg/mL = 24 mL/hr Esmolol Infusion

Answer E
0.75 mg/kg x 75 kg = 56.25 mg IV Bolus
1.75 mg/kg/hr x 75kg = 131.25 mg/hr IV Infusion
250 mg / 50 mL = 5 mg/mL Bivalirudin in NS
56.25 mg / 5 mg/mL = 11.25 mL Bolus
131.25 mg/hr / 5 mg/mL = 26.25 mL/hr IV Infusion

Answer C.
1000mg x 1mL/400mg = 2.5 mL

Answer C.
75mL/hr x 24 hrs = 1800mL
5g/100ml = X/1800ml
X = 90g of dextrose
Kcal: 3.4 kcal/g x 90g = 306kcal

Answer E.
20g /100ml = 25g/Xml
X = 125mL

Answer B. 1:4:8 = 13.
5mL x 4 = 20mL/day x 14 days = 280mL.
Nystatin: 1x 280mL / 13 = 21.53mL = 22mL,
Diphenhydramine: 4x 280mL/ 13 = 86mL,
Mg hydroxide/Al hydroxid: 8x 280mL / 13 = 172 mL

Answer A.
500,000 units/5ml = Xml /22ml. Xml = 22, 00000.
Concentration = 22, 00000/280 =7857 units/ml

Answer B.
25mg/10ml = Xmg/86ml, X= 215mg = 0.215g.
0.215g/280ml = 0.077%

Answer E.
125 lb =56Kg, 56Kg x [18 units/ 1 kg] = 1022.72 units/hr,
1022.72 units x [1 mL/50 units] = 20.45 mL/hr

Answer D.
(50 g )/(100 mL)=X/(10 mL)
X=5
5g of magnesium sulfate

Answer E.
(20,000 units)/mL=12,000/(X mL), X= 0.6 mL

Answer C.
Exact answer work: 1 grain=64.8 mg. ½ grain= 32.4 mg. 32.4 mg TID= 97.2 mg/day
Approximate answer work: 1 grain= 60 mg, ½ grain= 30 mg. 30 mg TID= 90 mg/day
Exact answer= 97.2 (based on 1 grain=64.8 mg), approximate answer= 90 mg (based on 1 grain= 60 mg)

Answer A.
(45 mcg)/kg×(1 mg)/(1,000 mcg)×67 kg×4 doses
12.06 mg

Answer D
(50 mg)/(50 mL)=(1 mg)/(1 mL)
(50 mL)/(x hours)=(3.5 mL)/hour
14.29 hours

Answer A.
(20 g fat)/(100 mL)=X/(250 mL),
X=50 g of fat
1 gram of fat contains 9 Kcal.
50 g of fat×9 Kcal=450 Kcal

Answer E.
(10 g )/(100 mL)=(X mg)/(40 mL),X=4 g
4 grams of calcium gluconate

Answer B.
Because % is defined as grams per 100 mL and we are looking to make a total volume of 100 mL the % desired represents the grams required. 2.5 grams

Answer A.
(0.2 g)/(100 mL)=(X mg)/(250 mL),X=0.5 g
The order is to give 0.5 g of ropivacaine per 250 mL. The pharmacy stocks 0.5% in 30 mL vials. The g of ropivacaine in the 30 mL vial must be calculated.
(0.5 g)/(100 mL)=(Y g)/(30 mL),Y=0.15 g Knowing that the desired g is calculated (0.5 g) and how many g are in each vial the volume required of each component can now be calculated.
(0.15 g)/(30 mL)=(0.5 g)/(Z mL),Z=100 mL 100 mL of ropivacaine is required to supply the patient with 0.5 g. The order is to supply this concentration in a 250 mL bag. 250 mL-100 mL ropivacaine= 150 mL of NS required.
100 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine and 150 mL of NS

Answer D.
(40 mg)/mL=(200 mg)/(X mL),X=5 mL
Each dose requires 5 ml to supply the desired concentration of fluconazole and each day requires two doses. That means the patient will receive 10 mL/day (5*2=10). To calculate the total volume required for therapy multiply the daily volume requirements by the duration of therapy. 10 mL/day*10 days=100 mL required.

Answer B.
(10 mg hydromorphone)/(50 mL)=(X mg)/(100 mL),X=20 mg
20 mg must be converted to grams 20 mg×(1 g)/(1000 mg)=0.02 g
% is defined as g per 100 mL, since 0.02 g are present in 100 mL the percent concentration is 0.02%

Answer A.
Each dose the patient takes contains 1 gram of calcium gluconate (two 500 mg tablets) which equates to 93 mg of elemental calcium per dose. The patient takes two doses per day. Calculate the total elemental calcium by multiply the amount of elemental calcium per dose (93 mg) by the total number of daily doses (2).
186 mg of elemental calcium

Answer C
Osmolarity = mOsmol/L = (wt of substance (g/mL))/(MW(g/mol)) x (# of particles) x 1000
NS: 1000mL x 0.31 = 310
: 15mL x 7.4 = 111
310 + 111 = 421 milliOsmols
1000mL NS + 15mL KPhos = 1015mL total fluid
421 milliOsmols/1015mL x 1000 = 414.77 mOsmol/L